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Abstract: The development of new enrichment techniques and selective separation of closely related metals are two important frontier areas of research in analytical chemistry. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) or solid-liquid extraction (SLE) offers several advantages over other preconcentration or separation techniques. The introduction of ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) in trace and ultratrace analysis provide vital breakthroughs in preconcentration or separation chemistry. The combination of the above two approaches results in IIPs for SPE (IIP-SPE) and has potential in trace and ultratrace analysis. With the preparation of tailor-made materials, IIP-SPE offers an approach to the recovery of valuable and rare metals from lean ores, minerals and dilute solutions and to the removal of toxic uranium and heavy metal pollutants from industrial wastes. This article takes stock of studies so far and outlines a future scenario in the rapidly developing and exciting area of IIP- SPE. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V