Abstract: The chemical contaminants in food and environment are quite harmful to food safety and human health. Rapid, accurate and cheap detection can effectively control the potencial risk derived from these chemical contaminants. Among all detection methods, the immunoassay based on specific interaction of antibodies-analyte is one of the most widely used technique in the field. However, biological antibodies employed in immunoassay usually cannot tolerate extreme conditions, resulting in unstable state in both physical and chemical profiles. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a class of polymers with specific molecular recognition abilities, which are highly robust, showing excellent operational stability under a wide variety of conditions. Recently, MIPs have been used in biomimetic immunoassays for chemical contaminants as antibody substitute in food and environment. Here, we reviewed these applications of MIPs incorporated in different analytical platforms, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescent immunoassay, chemiluminescent immunoassay, electrochemical immunoassay, microfluidic paper-based immunoassay, and homogeneous immunoassay, and discussed current challenges and future trends in the use of MIPs in biomimetic immunoassays