Abstract: The photodegradation fate of widely used fluoroquinolone (FQ) drugs has been studied both at the water-soil interface and in soil at actual concentrations (500 ng g-1) under natural solar light. Both human and veterinary drugs have been examined, namely ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, marbofloxacin and moxifloxacin. After spiking and irradiation, samples were submitted to microwave-assisted extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). FQs degradation was faster in aqueous soil suspension than in neat soil (but lower than in "clean" water). A number of byproducts were identified by HPLC electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry after a post-extraction cleanup based on a molecularly imprinted polymer phase, for a more accurate detection. The distribution in the suspension was intermediate between those observed in soils and in aqueous solutions
Template and target information: fluoroquinolines, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, marbofloxacin, moxifloxacin, commercial MIPs
Author keywords: Fluoroquinolones, Photodegradation, Photoproducts, Environmental fate, Water-soil interface, Depollution path