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Abstract: Nano-sized molecularly imprinted polymers (nano-MIPs) possessing cavities that fit nicotinic acid were synthesized via precipitation polymerization. Acrylamide, divinyl benzene, nicotinic acid (NA) and acetone were utilized as functional monomer, cross-linker, template and porogen, respectively. The nano-MIPs were placed on a graphite paste electrode doped with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). An indirect detection method was employed that makes use of Cu(II) ion as an electrochemical probe because NA-áitself does not generate a significant voltammetric signal. To accomplish this, the modified electrode was first incubated with a solution of nicotinic acid, then with a solution of Cu(II). It is found that a MIP-based electrode that was previously incubated with nicotinic acid solution showed a distinct signal for Cu(II), while the same electrode incubated with Cu(II) only gave a very weak signal. A non-imprinted polymer-based electrode also gave no signal. In addition, the presence of rGO in the electrode led to a significantly increased current. Various factors influencing the analytical performance were optimized. The electrode, best operated at 0.2-áV (vs. Ag/AgCl), has a linear response in the 10-ánM to 0.2-áμM NA concentration range. The detection limit is as low as 8.0-ánM (at 3 Sb/m). The method was applied to the determination of NA in spiked plasma and urine samples
Template and target information: nicotinic acid, NA
Author keywords: Reduced graphene oxide, molecularly imprinted polymer, Electrochemical sensor, carbon paste electrode, Eicosane