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Abstract: We herein report the synthesis of novel Penicillin G (PenG) imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIPs) via inverse miniemulsion polymerization. Nanoscaled co-polymer particles consisting of N-(2-aminoethyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride as functional monomer and N,N'-Ethylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker have been synthesized in the presence of PenG. These particles have been applied to form a sensitive layer for label-free direct optical sensing of Penicillin G. As reference material non-imprinted particles (NIPs) were used. The particles were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Particles in the size of » 400 nm (z-average) and a low polydispersity index (PDI < 0.05) were observed. Azide modified MIPs/NIPs were covalently immobilized on alkyne-modified glass transducers by Cu(I) catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The resulting particle-modified transducers served as sensing layer in an optical sensor setup (Reflectomteric Interference Spectroscopy - RIfS). To prove its reliability and stability the transducer was tested in 78 reproducible PenG measurements over the course of 26 h. The response time of the sensor was »1 min. For sensor calibration 14 randomized triplicate concentration dependency measurements for MIP and NIP transducers were conducted with different PenG concentrations ranging from 0.0015-0.0195 mol/L. MIP binding signals were significantly higher compared to the NIP. Determined recovery rates of three different transducers were in the range of 70-120 % which indicates a good chip to chip reproducibility. Sensor cross sensitivities between PenG and its structural buildings blocks phenylacetic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid were evaluated indicating a high selectivity for the presented sensor system
Template and target information: penicillin G, PenG
Author keywords: Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles, Inverse miniemulsion polymerization, Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (RIfS), molecular interactions, recognition elements, Penicillin G