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Abstract: Molecular imprinting is a technique for creating recognition sites for a specific analyte in a synthetic polymer. The artificially generated recognition sites have their shapes, sizes, and chemical functionality complementary to the analyte, and are capable of rebinding the analyte molecules in preference to other closely related structures. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been used as the stationary phase in chromatography, as artificial antibodies in immunoassays, as recognition elements in sensors, and as enzyme mimics in catalysis. This paper outlines the applications of MIPs as antibody mimics in radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked sorbent assays. Recent developments in the synthesis and assay of MIPs in aqueous phases is also presented. Progress in microfabrication and molecular imprinting is described with an eye towards the generation of MIP-based miniaturized devices for analytical and diagnostic applications