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Abstract: A photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor using ion-imprinted chitosan for the detection of Ni2+ ions is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor was fabricated by splicing a small section of the PCF between single-mode fibers. Nickel-adsorbed chitosan was crosslinked with epichlorohydrin (ECH) to increase its mechanical strength, and thereby, to improve the sensor stability and was subsequently imprinted with Ni2+ ions. The sensor was coated with nickel ion imprinted chitosan and was examined with test solutions of various Ni2+ concentrations. The sensor exhibits a Ni2+ detection sensitivity of 0.0632 nm/μM (nanometer per micromolar) in the linear range and a limit of detection of 0.57 μM. The cross sensitivity of the sensor was evaluated to other metal ions like Cu2+, Ca2+, and Na+ and also by comparing its performance to a sensor using nonimprinted chitosan. Results have shown better sensor response to Ni2+ ions over other metal ions and an improvement in performance over a nonimprinted chitosan sensor. Investigation was also carried out to examine the effect of crosslinking on the sensor performance by varying the ECH to the chitosan molar ratio (5:1, 10:1, and 15:1) and the sensor achieved its best performance when the molar ratio was 10:1
Template and target information: nickel ion, Ni(II)
Author keywords: chitosan, fiber-optic interferometric sensor, heavy metal ion sensor, ion imprinting, photonic crystal fiber (PCF)