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Book title: The Detection of Biomarkers
Editors: Ozkan SA, Bakirhan NK, Mollarasouli F
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 978-0-12-822859-3

Abstract: Early and timely diagnosis of diseases can make treatments more effective and prevent diseases from spreading throughout the body. Biomarkers are measurable markers such as antigens, DNA, mRNA, enzymes, etc. which can indicate the existence of a specific disease or a group of diseases. Detecting and measuring biomarkers in bodily fluids is an effective tool for diagnosing diseases. Measurement of biomarkers, in addition to disease detection, is used to evaluate the success of treatment, possible recurrence, and lately, to assess cancer risk. Biomarker measurement precision and accuracy are as important as their speed. Also, cost-effectiveness is essential on a practical scale. Cost-effective biomarker measurement can be used in disease screening at very early stages, even before the disease shows its symptoms. Since the biomarker concentration to be measured is very low, and the matrix is also very complex, measurement methods with high sensitivity and selectivity should be applied. Various methods and technologies have been reported and used to measure biomarkers so far include biosensors that require the use of a bioreceptor, which is not only expensive but is also unstable under different conditions. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a bio-mimicking material, also called a plastic antibody, which has been used in numerous fields, for example, extraction, drug delivery, sensors, and so on. The use of MIP in chemical sensors, containing optical sensors, electrochemical sensors, etc., dramatically increases their selectivity. An MIP is formed by the addition of a template molecule, also called target, which is the analyte being measured during the copolymerization process of a functional monomer and cross-linker. By removing the target, the remaining cavities match the template in physical and chemical properties. These cavities can interact intelligently and selectively with the target molecule in a complex sample. The result of this interaction is the change of a physical property (including fluorescence or electrochemical properties), which can then be used for measuring concentration. This chapter will first provide a comprehensive introduction of MIPs, types of MIP synthesis methods, and factors that are affecting them. Later, MIPs' applications in the manufacturing of chemical sensors (including optical and electrochemical) for biomarker measurement are discussed in detail. At the end of this chapter, the latest articles published in this field are introduced, and their disadvantages and benefits will be summarized
Template and target information: review - MIPs in biosensors
Author keywords: imprinting technology, molecularly imprinted polymer, Molecularly imprinted sensor, Biomarker, diagnosis of diseases