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Abstract: The molecular imprinting technique was used to synthesize polymers having a high affinity for testosterone. These polymers thus function as artificial receptors for the drug. Various polymerization conditions were examined in order to determine their influence on the selectivity of the receptors. Using a suite of similar steroids with differing shapes and functionalities, we were able to identify features of the molecules which affect their affinity for the polymer matrix. The efficacy of covalent- and noncovalent imprinting methods was also compared. Our results illustrate a number of basic guidelines for the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers. Our optimized testosterone receptor bound testosterone more than 4 times more effectively than a non-imprinted polymer and afforded separation factors of between 3.3 and 9.6 for a number of structurally similar steroids