Abstract: Generating non-covalent interaction networks in artificial materials is a key strategy leading to rapid on-line analysis of bioanalytes in the size range from a few nanometers up to several micrometers. Small bioanalytes, such as immunoglobulin as template lead to recognition sites on a polyacrylamide surface selectively interacting with these protein molecules sized in the range of 10 nm. Recognition is high enough to distinguish between human, bovine and hare immunoglobulin. Functionalized surfaces can also be tuned to interact with pollen (diameter some ten mu m). Birch pollen e.g., is incorporated in birch pollen imprints leading to Sauerbrey effects, whereas on the non-imprinted material the contact area is too small leading to positive frequency shifts due to free mobility over the surface. Similar effects can be observed for birch pollen (25 Am) on a nettle pollen (15 mu m) imprint, where the non-covalent contact between analyte and layer is too small to bind the pollen tightly thus allowing mobility resulting in positive frequency shifts. Finally, the interaction area in a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) material interacting with bioanalytes can be tuned to reach values so high that the template, e.g., yeast, is fixed on the surface. This results in a polymer/biospecies composite e.g., showing substantial and reversible mass increase when exposed to pure water due to osmosis into the trapped cells. The technique thus allows monitoring the status of yeast cells in an ensemble
Template and target information: protein, immunoglobulin, cells, pollen, birch polllen, nettle pollen, yeast
Author keywords: surface imprinting, Bioanalyte Sensing, Immunoglobulin, Pollen, Biocomposite Layers