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Abstract: To assess the potential risks associated with the environmental exposure of β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs), the monitoring of the occurrence, distribution, and fate of these emerging contaminants in the environment is required. Herein, we demonstrate a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) method for selective and reliable screening of trace BLAs in river and tap water. By developing a low-temperature photopolymerization, highly selective molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for five BLAs (penicillin G, amoxicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin and mezlocillin) were synthesized. Nafcillin was chosen as a pseudo template to make the MIP sorbent (Nafc-MIP), which was used in pseudo-template MISPE for preconcentration of the other four BLAs from river and tap water. The application of pseudo-template MISPE overcomes the template bleeding, which significantly elevates the sample background and restricts the application of MIP for detection of the target BLA below 2 μg/L. The average recoveries of BLAs are in the range of 60-90% when Nafc-MIP was adopted as the selective MISPE sorbent. The developed method was validated, and applied to the screening of trace β-lactam antibiotics in river and tap water. The linearity of the calibration curve for each BLA was observed over the range of 0.1-20 μg/L (r > 0.998). The β-lactam antibiotics were found within the range of 0-9.56 μg/L in river water at the downstream of antibiotics manufacturers, and none were detected in the tap water
Template and target information: β-lactam antibiotics, BLAs, penicillin G, amoxicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin, mezlocillin, pseudo template
Author keywords: β-Lactam antibiotics, molecularly imprinted polymer, Pseudo template, photopolymerization, molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction