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Book title: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation
Editors: Pawliszyn J
Publisher: Academic Press
City: Oxford
ISBN: 978-0-12-381374-9
Volume number: 2

Abstract: Solid-phase extraction is a sample preparation technique suitable for trace enrichment, matrix simplification, and media transfer for gas and solution phase samples. This technique employs adsorbents in cartridge, disk, or membrane format for sampling and thermal desorption or solvent elution for sample recovery. Typical adsorbents for sampling include inorganic oxides, low-specificity sorbents (e.g., carbon, porous organic polymers, etc.), organosiloxane-bonded silica materials, and class-specific sorbents (e.g., molecularly imprinted polymers, immunosorbents, surface-bound macrocyclic ligands, restricted access materials). To assist method development a fairly good understanding of the theory of operation (e.g., prediction of breakthrough volumes, sorbent selectivity, prediction of elution volumes) based on the plate height model for short sorbent beds and the solvation parameter model for retention is available for both cartridge and disk sampling devices. Empirical rules for sample processing are summarized for conditions not covered by theoretical models, often as a result of inadequate information regarding sample properties. Various approaches to partial or full automation of the sampling process are described for off-line and coupled-column systems. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Food and Drug Administration
Template and target information: Review - solid phase extraction
Author keywords: automation, Breakthrough volumes, carbon, Cartridge devices, Coupled-column systems, Disk devices, immunosorbents, Inorganic oxide adsorbents, Ion-exchange sorbents, method development, Mixed-mode sorbents, Molecularly imprinted polymers, Particle-embedded membranes, particle-loaded membranes, Porous organic polymers, Restricted access media, Safe sampling volume, Solid-phase extraction, solvation parameter model, Surface-bound macrocyclic ligands, Surface-bound phenylboronic acids, Theory