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Book title: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation
Editors: Pawliszyn J
Publisher: Academic Press
City: Oxford
ISBN: 978-0-12-381374-9
Volume number: 2

Abstract: Column-switching techniques, using two or more stationary-phase columns, are useful for trace enrichment and online automated sample cleanup. Target fractions from the first column are transferred online to a second column having different properties for further separation by zone cutting and flushing techniques. Column-switching techniques can be used to determine the analytes in complex matrix by direct sample injection or merely by simple sample treatment such as filtration. In this chapter, the configurations and characteristics of various multiple-column extraction systems using column-switching techniques for online sample preparation are described. Turbulent flow chromatography using large particle supports, solid-phase extraction using various extraction sorbents such as conventional hydrophobic supports, restricted-access media, monolithic materials, immunosorbents, and molecularly imprinted polymers are critically evaluated, as are alternative column-switching techniques such as online coupling of dialysis and in-tube solid-phase microextraction. The fundamental principles, characteristics, and recent applications in biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and food analyses are evaluated
Author keywords: Automated analysis, Back flushing, column switching, Heart cutting, in-tube solid-phase microextraction, Large particle support, monolithic column, molecularly imprinted polymer, Multidimensional column chromatography, Online analysis, restricted-access media, sample preparation, Solid-phase extraction, Turbulent flow chromatography